Americans’ View Regarding Old Age 

 

Americans’ belief about old age is shaped by a combination of cultural, social, and economic factors. This belief can vary, but there are some common themes:

Independence and Self-Sufficiency: Many Americans value autonomy; being free from control, influence, or support from others.

Positive Aging: A belief that old age can be a time of continued growth, learning, and contribution to society. This includes, initiative and active aging.

Concerns about Health and Longevity: Many Americans are concerned about their health and longevity. Issues such as chronic diseases, physical decline, and cognitive impairment are significant worries.

Financial Security: Economic concerns are prevalent among older Americans. Worries about retirement savings, social security, and healthcare costs are common.

Respect and Value of Elders: While some aspects of American culture may not emphasize the reverence of elders as strongly as in some other cultures, recognition of the value and wisdom that older adults can bring still exists.

Intergenerational Relationships: Many Americans believe in the importance of maintaining strong family ties. Grandparent’s crucial role in the family structure is not removed from every culture in America, though many.

Retirement Lifestyle: Retirement is often seen by most Americans as a time for leisure, travel, and pursuing hobbies. There is an idealized vision of a “golden years” lifestyle, although this is not the reality for every senior citizen.

American generational values and downsides

Americans place a strong emphasis on individualism and self-reliance. This focus can sometimes lead to a devaluation of collective family ties and respect for elders, who are often seen as less independent. Here are some key examples:

Youth-Oriented Culture: Americans tend to celebrate youth and vitality, often prioritizing the perspectives and preferences of younger generations. Media, advertising, and popular culture frequently promote a youthful image, oftentimes marginalizing older individuals.

Changing Family Dynamics: In many American families, traditional multigenerational living arrangements are less common. With more nuclear families and higher mobility, elders may live separately from their children and grandchildren, reducing daily interactions and opportunities for intergenerational respect.

Technological Advancements: Rapid technological changes can create a generational divide. Young people quickly adapting to new technologies more so or faster than elders, might see older individuals as out of touch or less capable, leading to diminished respect.

Work and Productivity Focus: American society often place a higher value on people based on their productivity and contributions to the economy. Retired individuals may be seen as less productive, which can affect their level of respect, polarized by young and middle aged people.

Cultural Diversity: The U.S. is highly diverse, and different cultural groups have varying attitudes towards elders. While some cultures within the U.S. highly respect and honor their elders, the overall cultural milieu have diluted these values.

Educational System: The American education system tends to emphasize innovation, critical thinking, and questioning authority. While these are valuable traits, they can sometimes conflict with traditional values of respecting and honoring elders.

Healthcare and Longevity: Advances in healthcare mean that people are living longer, but not necessarily with a high quality of life. The prolonged period of old age can sometimes lead to a perception of elders as a burden, especially if they require extensive care.

These factors combine to create a cultural environment where respect for elders may not be as pronounced as in some other societies that have strong traditions of honoring older generations.

Cultures within America and abroad that respect their elders

Many cultures around the world honor and respect their elders, but some are particularly known for this trait. Here are a few:

⦁ China: The concept of filial piety is deeply ingrained in Chinese culture, emphasizing respect and care for one’s parents and ancestors.

⦁ Japan: Respect for elders is a key aspect of Japanese culture, where older people are highly revered and their wisdom is valued.

⦁ Korea: In Korean culture, elders are treated with great respect, and it is common to see younger people offering seats to older people on public transport and using honorific language.

⦁ Indian: In India, respecting elders is a fundamental value. Elders are often seen as the head of the family, and their advice and blessings are sought in important decisions.

⦁ Africa: Many African cultures, such as those in Nigeria, Ghana, and Kenya, place a high value on the wisdom and experience of elders. Elders often hold important roles in community decision-making.

 

⦁ Native American: Native American communities, such as the Navajo and Cherokee, honor their elders for their knowledge, wisdom, and guidance. Elders play a crucial role in preserving traditions and passing down cultural heritage.

⦁ Mediterranean Cultures: In countries like Italy and Greece, family structures are typically close-knit, and elders are respected and cared for by younger generations. Elders are often seen as the keepers of family history and traditions.

These cultures extend to Asian, Indian, Jewish, Italian and Middle Eastern American communities; where they share a common thread of valuing the contributions and experiences of their older members, ensuring that their elders are respected, honored, and integrated into the fabric of community life.

Elders significance in the Buddhist community

In Buddhism, elders are generally revered and respected. The teachings emphasize the value of wisdom and experience, which elders are often seen as embodying. Respect for elders is considered an important virtue in many Buddhist cultures and traditions. Here are several reasons for this reverence:

Wisdom and Experience: Elders are often seen as having accumulated a lifetime of experience and wisdom, which can be valuable for guidance and teaching. In Buddhism, wisdom (prajna) is highly valued, and elders are often seen as embodiments of this wisdom. Their life experiences and spiritual insights are believed to contribute to a deeper understanding of the Dharma. Respecting elders acknowledges their accumulated knowledge and the role they play in guiding others.

Karma and Rebirth: In some Buddhist traditions, it’s believed that one’s actions in past lives can influence their current life. Buddhism teaches that our actions have consequences that extend beyond this life. Elders, having lived longer, are often seen as having accumulated significant karma. This belief can lead to an increased reverence for them, as their actions in past lives may have led to their current status.

Teaching and Guidance: Elders in the Buddhist community often hold positions of authority or serve as teachers. Their guidance is highly valued as they are seen as sources of insight into the Dharma (Buddhist teachings). Respecting them acknowledges their role in teaching and preserving the teachings.

Respect as a Virtue: Showing respect to elders is part of cultivating good conduct and moral behavior. It helps to develop qualities like humility and gratitude.

Role in Community: Elders often play a crucial role in maintaining and passing on cultural and spiritual traditions, which helps preserve the integrity of the community.

The 12 Links of Dependent Origination

The 12 Links of Dependent Origination or Dependent Arising are a fundamental concept in Buddhism that explains the process of birth, death, and rebirth, illustrating how suffering arises and how it is overcome. Here’s a brief overview of each link:

Ignorance (Avidyā): Not understanding the true nature of reality. It’s the root cause of suffering and the cycle of rebirth. It prevents individuals from seeing things as they truly are and from attaining enlightenment. Overcoming ignorance involves gaining insight into these truths through practices like meditation, ethical conduct, and wisdom

Volitional Formations (Sankhāra): Mental habits and actions formed by ignorance, which shape our future experiences. Volition or mental formation shape our experiences and influence our future. It encompasses the intentional mental activities that lead to the creation of karma. These actions are driven by our intentions, desires, and mental states, and they contribute to the ongoing cycle of rebirth and suffering.

Consciousness (Vijñāna): The awareness of an individual, influenced by volitional formations. It refers to the awareness or cognizance of phenomena. It is one of the key components in the process of dependent origination and plays a significant role in the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth.

Name and Form (Nāma-rūpa): The mental and physical aspects of an individual, including the mind and body. Together name and form represent the combination of the mental and physical aspects that constitute a living being. In the context of dependent origination, name and form are the fourth link that arises from consciousness and leads to the development of the six senses (sight, hearing, touch, taste, smell, and mind).

Six Senses (sadāyatana): The faculties through which we experience the world (sight, hearing, smell, taste, touch, and mind). These six senses interact with their respective objects to create sensory experiences. In Buddhism, understanding the role of the six senses is crucial for recognizing how sensory contact leads to feelings, cravings, and ultimately suffering. Each sense organ has its corresponding sense object (e.g., color for the eye, sound for the ear…) and the interaction between them results in sensory contact. This sensory contact then leads to feelings, which can influence our mental and emotional responses, further shaping our experiences and actions.

Contact (Phassa): The interaction between the senses and their objects, leading to sensory experiences. It refers to the point of interaction between the senses and their respective objects. It is a crucial link in the process of dependent origination (paticcasamuppāda) and plays a key role in the arising of feelings and subsequent mental responses. Here’s a detailed look at the concept:

Feeling (Vedanā): The emotional responses that arise from contact. It refers to the sensory and emotional experiences that arise from contact between the senses and their objects. It is one of the key links in the process of dependent origination and plays a crucial role in the cycle of suffering.

Craving (Tanhā): The desire or attachment to pleasurable feelings, leading to further suffering. It refers to a strong desire or longing for experiences, objects, or states of being that one perceives as pleasurable or satisfying. Craving is a fundamental concept in Buddhist teachings, particularly in relation to the nature of suffering and the cycle of rebirth.

Clinging (Upādāna): The intensified craving that leads to grasping and attachment. It refers to the intense attachment or grasping of objects, experiences, or concepts. It is a key concept in understanding the nature of suffering and the cycle of rebirth. Clinging goes beyond mere desire or craving by involving a deeper and more persistent attachment.

Becoming (Bhava): The process of becoming, which involves the formation of new karmic tendencies and the continuation of existence. It refers to the process of existence or the state of becoming that arises from clinging and craving. It is a key concept in the cycle of dependent origination (paticcasamuppāda) and describes how the conditions for new existence or rebirth are formed.

Birth (Jāti): The actual birth into a new existence, resulting from the previous processes. It refers to the actual emergence or coming into existence of a new form or state of being. It is a key concept in the cycle of dependent origination (paticcasamuppāda) and signifies the culmination of the process of becoming (bhava).

Old Age and Death (Jarāmarana): The inevitable decline and end of existence, leading to further suffering. It represent the inevitable processes of aging and dying that follow birth. They are the final links in the cycle of dependent origination (paticcasamuppāda) and are integral to understanding the nature of suffering (dukkha) and the cycle of rebirth (samsāra). Old age and death in Buddhism highlight the inevitable decline and cessation of physical existence, emphasizing the nature of suffering and impermanence.

Throughout this cycle each link perpetuates the next, demonstrating how ignorance and desire drive human behavior and suffering. Understanding these links helps in recognizing the interconnectedness of life’s experiences and the potential to break the cycle of suffering by addressing ignorance and craving.

Some advantages of young and elder leaders

The effectiveness of leaders, whether young or older, can depend on various factors, including individual qualities, organizational context, and the specific challenges they face. Below are some considerations for both young and older leaders.

Photo by China X

 

Advantages of Young Leaders

Innovative Thinking: Younger leaders often bring fresh perspectives and are more likely to embrace innovative approaches and new technologies.

Energy and Enthusiasm: They may have higher levels of energy and enthusiasm, which can be motivating for their teams.

Adaptability: Young leaders can be more adaptable and open to change, which is valuable in dynamic and rapidly evolving environments.

Risk-taking: They might be more willing to take risks, which can lead to significant breakthroughs and advancements.

Advantages of Older Leaders

Experience: Older leaders typically have more experience, which can translate into better decision-making and problem-solving abilities.

Wisdom and Perspective: With age often comes wisdom and the ability to view situations from a broader perspective, leading to more balanced and strategic decisions.

Network: They usually have more extensive professional networks, which can be advantageous for partnerships, collaborations, and resource mobilization.

Stability and Confidence: Older leaders may provide a sense of stability and confidence, particularly in times of crisis.

Elder’s leadership and Gen Z concerns in America

Opinions among Americans about senior leaders vary widely and are influenced by political affiliations, generational perspectives, and personal beliefs about leadership qualities.

Many Americans appreciate the experience and wisdom that older leaders bring. They offer decades of political and professional experience, which can be valuable for young leaders’ future decision-making and governance. Senior leaders who are seen as a source of stability, especially in turbulent times are valued by Americans in general. Their long-term perspective is reassuring to Americans who value consistency and continuity in leadership.

However, the concern whether senior leaders are physically and mentally fit to handle the demanding responsibilities of leadership has divided Americans. Age-related health issues can impact their performance and decision-making is a rationalized concern by many. This is a trending issue. Some younger Americans feel that older leaders may not fully understand or can properly address the concerns and priorities of younger generations. This belief has created a disconnection between elder leadership and a significant portion of the population; compounded with a growing perception that older leaders are more resistant to new ideas and less adaptable to rapid changes in modern society and technology than younger Americans.

Americans promote Individualism oppose to Familism (Old Age and Death)…The Final Link

In American culture young adults are encouraged to move out of their parents’ homes and live independently once they reach a certain age. In contrast, in many Asian cultures, it is common for multiple generations to live together, and the elderly are often cared for within the family home.

Advertising in the U.S. often features young, attractive individuals, promoting products that appeal to youth. Anti-aging products are heavily marketed, reinforcing the idea that aging is undesirable. In contrast, cultures like Japan’s have a high regard for the elderly, celebrating their longevity and wisdom.

In the U.S., it’s common for elderly parents to live in nursing homes or assisted living facilities, separate from their children and grandchildren. In Mediterranean cultures, it is more typical for elderly family members to stay with their children, fostering closer intergenerational relationships and respect. A young American might get frustrated trying to teach their grandparents how to use a smartphone, thinking they are slow to learn or resistant to change. In contrast, in some cultures, there is a greater appreciation for the wisdom and experience that older individuals bring, regardless of their technological proficiency.

In the American workplace, older employees may face age discrimination, being passed over for promotions in favor of younger colleagues. In contrast, in societies like South Korea, seniority is often respected in the workplace, and older employees may be given more authority and respect. American students are encouraged to challenge ideas and think critically, sometimes leading to a lack of deference towards older generations. In contrast, in many African cultures, elders are seen as the primary source of wisdom and knowledge, and questioning them is often discouraged.

The U.S. healthcare system can keep people alive longer, but many elderly individuals might spend these years in nursing homes, possibly with limited engagement from their families. In contrast, in cultures like those in India, even elderly individuals with health issues often remain integral members of the household, receiving respect and care from their families.

Americans underappreciation for elder maybe their fear of old age and death

In Buddhism, the fear of old age and death is closely linked to the core teachings on suffering, impermanence, and the nature of the self. Here’s why people commonly fear these aspects of life according to Buddhist teachings:

Attachment to the Self

 

1. 1. Belief in a Permanent Self (Atman)

⦁ Concept: Many people have a deep-seated belief in a permanent, unchanging self or identity.

⦁ Fear: The idea of old age and death threatens this perceived permanent self, leading to fear and resistance. When one clings to the notion of a lasting self, the reality of aging and death challenges this illusion.

 

2. 2. Impermanence (Anicca)

Nature of Change

⦁ Concept: Buddhism teaches that everything is in a state of constant change and flux. Old age and death are natural parts of this impermanent existence.

⦁ Fear: The fear of old age and death arises from the discomfort and resistance to change. People struggle with the idea that they will lose their current state of being and face an unknown future.

 

3. 3. Suffering (Dukkha)

Inherent Suffering

⦁ Concept: Aging, illness, and death are inherently linked to suffering. This suffering includes physical discomfort, emotional distress, and existential anxiety.

⦁ Fear: The fear of these processes is related to the natural aversion to suffering. The anticipation of pain and the loss associated with aging and death creates anxiety and fear.

 

4. 4. Non-Self (Anatta)

Illusion of the Self

⦁ Concept: Buddhism teaches that there is no permanent self; what we consider as “self” is a collection of changing aggregates (form, feeling, perception, volition, and consciousness).

⦁ Fear: The fear of death is tied to the fear of losing the self. When one clings to the concept of a fixed self, the idea of its dissolution at death can be terrifying.

 

5. 5. Uncertainty and Unknown

Fear of the Unknown

⦁ Concept: The exact nature of what happens after death is uncertain. While Buddhism provides teachings on rebirth and karma, the specifics are not fully known or experienced until death.

⦁ Fear: The uncertainty and mystery surrounding what follows death can lead to fear and anxiety.

 

6. 6. Attachment and Desire

Clinging to Life

⦁ Concept: Attachment to life, desires, and material possessions create a strong aversion to the idea of death and loss.

⦁ Fear: The more one is attached to their life circumstances and desires, the greater the fear of losing them through old age and death.

 

7. 7. Lack of Preparedness

Spiritual Readiness

⦁ Concept: Many people do not actively prepare for death spiritually or emotionally, which can lead to fear and anxiety when faced with the reality of aging and mortality.

⦁ Fear: The lack of spiritual preparedness or understanding of death can amplify fear and distress.

Young and Old 12 Links connection

Dependent origination is a fundamental concept in Buddhism. It offers significant insight and practical application to improve family dynamics and well-being. Here’s how understanding and applying the principles of dependent origination can help a family:

 

1. 1. Enhance Understanding and Compassion

Understanding Interdependence

⦁ Realizing Interconnectedness: By recognizing that all family members are interconnected and that their actions and feelings affect one another, family members can develop greater empathy and understanding.

⦁ Reducing Blame: Understanding that behavior (blame) is often the result of various causes and conditions (perhaps from past lives) can help reduce the tendency to blame individuals for problems. Instead, the family can focus on addressing underlying conditions; for instance, it could be stress from work.

 

2. 2. Improving Communication

Mindful Communication

⦁ Practicing Mindfulness: Mindfulness, a key practice in Buddhism, can help family members communicate more effectively by being present and attentive in conversations, reducing misunderstandings and conflicts.

⦁ Non-Reactive Responses: By understanding how reactions are conditioned, family members can learn to respond thoughtfully rather than react impulsively, fostering more harmonious interactions.

 

3. 3. Managing Conflict

Addressing Root Causes

⦁ Identifying Causes of Conflict: Dependent origination teaches that conflicts arise from specific causes and conditions. Families can work together to identify and address these root causes rather than just dealing with surface issues. Identifying the root cause, for instance, is having an open non-judgement mind where you may find a family member’s lack of communication is from habitual family criticism and control rather than support and understanding .

⦁ Reducing Ignorance and Misunderstanding: By increasing awareness and understanding of each other’s perspectives and experiences, families can reduce conflicts stemming from ignorance and misunderstanding.

 

4. 4. Promoting Emotional Health

Understanding Emotions

⦁ Recognizing Conditionality of Emotions: Understanding that emotions arise from specific conditions can help family members manage their emotional responses more effectively.

⦁ Reducing Attachment and Clinging: By recognizing the impermanent nature of emotions and experiences, family members can learn to let go of unhealthy attachments and expectations, leading to greater emotional resilience.

 

5. 5. Encouraging Personal Growth and Responsibility

Individual and Collective Responsibility

⦁ Encouraging Self-Awareness: Family members can use the principles of dependent origination to develop greater self-awareness and take responsibility for their actions and their impact on others.

⦁ Fostering Mutual Support: Recognizing the interdependent nature of existence can encourage family members to support each other’s personal growth and well-being, understanding that helping one benefits the whole family.

 

6. 6. Strengthening Family Bonds

Cultivating Compassion and Kindness

⦁ Practicing Loving-Kindness (Metta): The practice of metta, or loving-kindness, can help family members develop a genuine concern for each other’s happiness and well-being. It also builds a supportive environment (family structure).

Conclusion

Most people try not to think about old age and death or ignore it altogether out of fear. Others believe in the idea that when they become senior citizens they will be able to lead an independent, active life with a clean bill of health; while financially secure, and enjoying their golden years with family. In spite of Americans currently being in a culture dominated by individualism and ageism, in some social settings, it doesn’t permeate the whole of American society. On the surface leadership is revered at any level. At it’s core, family (nation) is most valued. Where recognition of the 12 links of dependent origination can reconnect the US to a worldwide culture of intergenerational love and respect. This is how we begin to liberate ourselves from cultural/national/global samsara and fear of old age and death.